Adam and eve

Adam's creation Traditional woodblock print portraying Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden with many of the "lower creatures." - Alamo to Drpep  - Dupot to Prime Michelangelo's Adam Adam is said, in the torah, to have been created from the dust of the earth, and in the Talmud (Tractate Sanhedrin 38b) is, more specifically, described as having initially been a golem (a bit like a zombie slave) kneaded together from mud. The important early Islamic commentator Tabari adds a number of details, based on claimed hadith as well as Jewish traditions (so-called isra'iliyyat). - Prude to Wallm  - Warre to Eddie Tabari records that when it came time to create Adam, God sent Gabriel, then Michael, to fetch clay from the earth; but the earth complained, saying I take refuge in God from you, if you have come to diminish or deform me, so the angels returned empty-handed. Tabari goes on to state that God responded by sending the Angel of Death, who took clay from all regions, hence providing an explanation for the variety of appearances of the different races of mankind. - Fossi to Nords  - Quart to Weddi In the torah, God is initially described, at Genesis 1:26, as breathing the breath of life into the nostrils of the first man, and while this is usually interpreted in Judao-Christian circles as having been fairly immediate, according to Tabari's account, Adam remained a dry body for 40 days, then gradually came to life from the head downwards, sneezing when he had finished coming to life, saying All praise be to God, the Lord of all beings. Having been created, Adam, the first man, is described as having been given dominion over all the lower creatures, which he proceeds to name. As one of the people to whom God is said to have spoken to directly, Adam is seen as a prophet in Islam. - Wedin to Radio  - Resid to Alysa The fall of Satan At this point, Adam takes a prominent role in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic, traditions concerning the fall of Satan, which is not recorded in the torah, though is present in the historically important Book of Enoch. In these, when God announces his intention of creating Adam, some of the angels express dismay, asking why he would create a being that would do evil. Teaching Adam the names reassures the angels as to Adam's abilities, though commentators dispute which particular names were involved; various theories say they were the names of all things animate and inanimate, the names of the angels, or the names of his own descendants. - Amand to Human  - Mikha to Aqa;q When God orders the angels to bow to Adam one of those present, Satan (Iblis in Islam, regarded as a jinn rather than an angel), refuses due to his pride, and is summarily banished from the heavens. Liberal movements within Islam have viewed God's commanding the angels to bow before Adam as an exaltation of humanity, and as a means of supporting human rights. - Area to Blueg  - Bluew to Chihu More extended versions of the fall of Satan exist in which he leads a divine war, which, while in works such as the Book of Enoch is recorded as being in heaven after Satan turns away from God, by works such as that of Tabari, and the Shia commentator al-Qummi, is explained as being heaven sent against the jinn, who had angered God by sin and fighting. In such versions where Satan leads the battle on God's behalf, rather than his own, it is the pride and conceit resulting from his victory which results in his expulsion, since pride is here seen as a sin. Islamic traditions further record that, in vengeful anger, Iblis promises God that he will lead as many humans astray as he can, to which God replies that it is the choice of humans - those who desire to will follow Satan, while those who desire to will follow God. - Chinc to Donky  - Draga to Germa Eve's creation At this point, in the torah, Yahweh is described as causing a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and removing part of his body, usually interpreted as a rib (though a more literal translation is non-specific). From this body part, Eve is subsequently created, as a companion to alleviate Adam's loneliness, and while Eve, is not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, she is nevertheless referred to as Adam's spouse, and Islamic tradition refers to her by an etymologically similar name - Hawwa. In fact, although her creation is not recounted in the Qur'an, Tabari recounts the biblical tale of her creation, stating that she was named because she was created from a living thing (her name means living). The torah gives an etymology for woman, or rather the Hebrew equivalent (ish-shah), stating that she should be called woman since she was taken out of man (ish in hebrew). The etymology is regarded as implausible by most semitic linguists. - Germa to Honey  - Host; to Matin Traditions regarding Adam and other wives Lilith (1892), by John Collier - Meani to Patro  - Phone to Sego In Genesis, there are two separate accounts of creation, one at Genesis 1-2:3 and another after Genesis 2:4. While creationists and many other religious people believe these to be written by the same author to represent two different perspectives, most biblical scholars support the documentary hypothesis, which claims each account derived from separate source texts that were later combined, with Eve's name and story being present only in the Yahwist text. Nevertheless, in ancient times, the presence of two distinct accounts was noted, and regarded with some curiosity. The first account says male and female [God] created them, which was viewed to imply simultaneous creation, whereas the second account states that God created Eve from Adam's rib because Adam was lonely. Consequently, to resolve the accounts, rabbis suggested that Eve and the woman of the first account were two separate individuals. - Senor to Undet  - Unive to Darek Preserved in the Midrash, and the mediaeval Alphabet of Ben Sira, this tradition held that the first woman refused to take the submissive position to Adam in sex, and eventually fled from him, consequently leaving him lonely. This first woman was identified in the Midrash as Lilith, a figure elsewhere described as a night demon. In a context separate to Adam, at Isaiah 34:14 Lilith is explicitely mentioned by name, though often not appearing in translations - her name (liyliyth in the Masoretic text) is replaced by the phrase screech owl in the KJV. - Dav b to Hulk  - Ifc;f to Roadb In the Talmud, Adam is said to have separated from Eve for 130 years, during which time his ejaculations gave rise to ghouls, and demons. Elsewhere in the Talmud, Lilith is identified as the mother of these creatures. The demons were said to prey on newborn males before they had been circumcised, and so a tradition arose in which a protective amulet was placed around the neck of newborns. Traditions in the Midrash concerning Lilith, and her sexual appetite, are believed ultimately to derive from Sumerian mythology concerning the demon ki-sikil-lil-la-ke, via an intermediate akkadian folk etymology interpreting the lil-la-ke portion of the name as a corruption of lîlîtu, literally meaning female night demon. - Rodne to Wiffl  - Wrest to The Alphabet of Ben Sira goes further and identifies a third wife, created after lilith deserted Adam, but before Eve. This unnamed wife was purportedly made in the same way as Adam, from the "dust of the earth", but the sight of her being created proved too much for Adam to take and he refused to go near her. It is also said that she was created from nothing at all, and that God created into being a skeleton, then organs, and then flesh. The midrash tells that Adam saw her as "full of blood and secretions," suggesting that he may have actually witnessed her creation and was horrified at seeing a body from the inside out. Ben Sira does not record this wife's fate. She was never named, and it assumed that she was allowed to leave the Garden a perpetual virgin, or was ultimately destroyed by God in favor of Eve, who was created when Adam was asleep and oblivous. The fall of Man Main article Domenichino's portrayal of Genesis 3:12: "The woman whom thou gavest [to be] with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat" (1623–1625). The main story concerning Adam is traditionally regarded as extremely important, religiously. This recounts how Adam and Eve are placed in the Garden of Eden, and allowed to cultivate, and enjoy, its fruit, as well as to live innocently. However, there was one tree they were explicitely forbidden from eating - the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil - a tree which is otherwise unidentified, but it has usually been interpreted as a fig tree or as an apple tree. The torah then records that a serpent, a creature described by the torah as at that point having four legs, approached Eve and persuaded her to eat the forbidden fruit, saying you won't die. In the torah, Eve persuades Adam, and so, having eaten the fruit, they both become disturbed by their nudity, making aprons of fig leaves to cover themselves. The torah goes on to state that God personally questions them about this, and on discovering they have disobeyed, expells them from Eden before they can access the tree of life, which grants immortality, and curses the serpent to lose its legs so that it has to crawl, and to have mutual hatred for mankind. In Later traditions, including those of Tabari, interpreted the serpent as a disguised Satan, though Gnostic accounts turned this on its head, and the serpent was seen as the hero, particularly to Ophites, who was trying to help the couple gain knowledge to defeat an evil Yahweh, whom the Gnostics saw as the demiurge. It should be noted here, that both Lilith and the Second Wife are free from any curse of the Tree of Knowledge, they left long before the event occured. The torah states that Adam and Eve were expelled to the East, and at the eastern entrance of the garden, God placed Cherubim, and a flaming sword, which turned every way. Eastern Orthodox tradition says that this sword was removed once Jesus was born, in order for it to be possible for humanity to return to Paradise. Al-Qummi records the opinion that Eden was not entirely earthly, and so, having been sent to earth, Adam and Eve first arrived at mountain peaks outside Mecca; Adam on Safa, and Eve on Marwa. In this Islamic tradition, Adam remained weeping for 40 days, until he repented, at which point God rewarded him by sending down the Kaaba, and teaching him the hajj. Other Islamic traditions hold that Adam was moved to Sri Lanka, as the next best thing to Eden, and, viewing Adam as having been a giant, human size having shrunking drastically before the great flood, Adam's Peak is said to contain his giant footprint. East of Eden Adam and Eve, by Albrecht Dürer (1507). Genesis does not tell for how long Adam and Eve were in the Garden of Eden, but the Book of Jubilees states that they were removed from the garden on the new moon of the fourth month of the 8th year after creation (Jubilees 3:33); traditional Jewish sources assert that it was less than a day. Shortly after their expulsion, Eve brought forth her first-born child, and therafter their second; Cain and Abel respectively. The Qur'an also describes the two sons of Adam (named Qabil and Habil in Islamic tradition, but not mentioned by name in the Qur'an) that correspond to Cain and Abel. After Cain kills Abel, and is cursed to wander, Adam and Eve conceive a third child, named Seth, who, with Cain, gives rise to the two family lines of the Generations of Adam. Only three of Adam's children (Cain, Abel, and Seth) are explicitely named in Genesis, though it does state that there were other sons and daughters as well (Genesis 5:4). In Jubilees, two daughters are named - Azûrâ being the first, and Awân, who is born after Seth, Cain, Abel, nine other sons, and Azûrâ. Jubilees goes on to state that Cain later marries Awân and Seth marries Azûrâ, thus, despite the incest, accounting for their descendants. However, according to Genesis Rabba, and other later sources, either Cain had a twin sister, and Abel had two twin sisters, or Cain had a twin sister named Lebuda, and Abel a twin sister named Qelimath. In Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan, Cain's twin sister is named Luluwa, and Abel's twin sister is named Aklia. Other pseudepigrapha give further details of their life outside of Eden, in particular, the Life of Adam and Eve (also known as the Apocalypse of Moses) consisting entirely of a description of their life outside Eden. As the first man, Adam posed a significant figure to attribute prophecy and wisdom to. The Gnostics created an esoteric tract, the Apocalypse of Adam, purportedly containing the enlightenment Adam received. While the Gnostics used texts as teaching devices, rather than viewing them to be literal accounts genuinely written by early patriarchs, the converse was true of what became official Christianity. The Testament of Adam represents a mainstream attempt to produce a faked ancient prophecy, of events that had supposedly already occurred by the time it was published. According to the bible, Adam finally died at the age of 930 years, the traditional Jewish view being he and Eve are currently buried in the Cave of Machpelah, in Hebron. Historicity Historically, creationists of the Christian, Jewish, and Islamic traditions, from Nennius to William Whiston, held that Adam and Eve were historical figures. Many gave credence to the works of James Ussher, who viewed them to have lived approximately 6,000, basing their calculations on the Genealogies of Genesis and Table of Nations. With the advent of archaeological discoveries, the theory of evolution, and genetic science the traditional view came to be challenged, and the majority of scholars, as well as many large mainstream religious denominations, today reject the historicity of Adam and Eve. Nevertheless, creationist organizations such as Answers in Genesis and the Institute for Creation Research continue to view them as historical individuals.

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